The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
2013 |
|
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013 was awarded
jointly to Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel "for the development
of multiscale models for complex chemical systems". | |
올해 노벨화학상은 마르틴 카르플루스(83)와
마이클 레빗(66), 아리에 와르셸(73)에게 돌아갔다. 노벨상을 주관하는 스웨덴 왕립과학원 노벨위원회는 9일(현지시각) “현대
이론화학(계산화학) 분야에서 큰 분자의 성질이나 분자끼리의 반응을 설명하는 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 방법을 개발한 마르틴 카르플루스 프랑스
스트라스부르대 및 미국 하버드대 교수와 마이클 레빗 미국 스탠퍼드의학대학원 교수, 아리에 와르셸 서던캘리포니아대 교수를 노벨화학상 수상자로
선정했다”고 발표했다.
About the Nobel prize Laureate |
| Press Release |
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2013 to Martin Karplus Universite de
Strasbourg, France and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Michael Levitt
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA and Arieh
Warshel University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA “for the
development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems”
|
The computer - your Virgil in the
world of atoms Chemists used to create models of molecules using plastic
balls and sticks. Today, the modelling is carried out in computers. In the
1970s, Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel laid the foundation for
the powerful programs that are used to understand and predict chemical
processes. Computer models mirroring real life have become crucial for most
advances made in chemistry today. Chemical reactions occur at lightning
speed. In a fraction of a millisecond, electrons jump from one atomic nucleus to
the other. Classical chemistry has a hard time keeping up; it is virtually
impossible to experimentally map every little step in a chemical process. Aided
by the methods now awarded with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, scientists let
computers unveil chemical processes, such as a catalyst’s purification of
exhaust fumes or the photosynthesis in green leaves. The work of
Karplus, Levitt and Warshel is ground-breaking in that they managed to make
Newton’s classical physics work side-by-side with the fundamentally different
quantum physics. Previously, chemists had to choose to use either or. The
strength of classical physics was that calculations were simple and could be
used to model really large molecules. Its weakness, it offered no way to
simulate chemical reactions. For that purpose, chemists instead had to use
quantum physics. But such calculations required enormous computing power and
could therefore only be carried out for small molecules. This year’s
Nobel Laureates in chemistry took the best from both worlds and devised methods
that use both classical and quantum physics. For instance, in simulations of how
a drug couples to its target protein in the body, the computer performs quantum
theoretical calculations on those atoms in the target protein that interact with
the drug. The rest of the large protein is simulated using less demanding
classical physics. Today the computer is just as important a tool for
chemists as the test tube. Simulations are so realistic that they predict the
outcome of traditional experiments. Read more about this year's
prize - Popular Information - Scientific Background Martin Karplus, U.S. and
Austrian citizen. Born 1930 in Vienna, Austria. Ph.D. 1953 from California
Institute of Technology, CA, USA. Professeur Conventionne, Universite de
Strasbourg, France and Theodore William Richards Professor of Chemistry,
Emeritus, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. - http://chemistry.harvard.edu/people/martin-karplus - http://www-isis.u-strasbg.fr/biop/start Michael
Levitt, U.S., British and Israeli citizen. Born 1947 in Pretoria, South Africa.
Ph.D. 1971 from University of Cambridge, UK. Robert W. and Vivian K. Cahill
Professor in Cancer Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford,
CA, USA. - http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Michael_Levitt Arieh
Warshel, U.S. and Israeli citizen. Born 1940 in Kibbutz Sde-Nahum, Israel. Ph.D.
1969 from Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. Distinguished
Professor, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. - http://chem.usc.edu/faculty/Warshel.html
| Martin Karplus | Born: 15 March 1930, Vienna, Austria Affiliation
at the time of the award: Universite de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France, Harvard
University, Cambridge, MA, USA Prize motivation: "for the development of
multiscale models for complex chemical systems"
Links to other
sites - Martin Karplus, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology,
Harvard University - Martin Karplus, Universite de Strasbourg, France
Articles Levitt, M. (2001) The birth of computational
structural biology, Nature structural biology 8:392?393. Karplus, M. (2006)
Spinach on the Ceiling: A Theoretical Chemist’s Return to Biology, Annu.
Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 35: 1-47. Johnson, P. (2012) Warshel Feted by
Royal Society of Chemistry, http://128.125.126.117/news/stories/1298/
warshel-fted-by-royal-society-of-chemistry/
| Michael Levitt | Born: 9 May 1947, Pretoria, South Africa
Affiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Prize motivation: "for the development of
multiscale models for complex chemical systems"
Links to other
sites - Michael Levitt, Stanford University School of Medicine
Articles Levitt, M. (2001) The birth of computational
structural biology, Nature structural biology 8:392?393. Karplus, M. (2006)
Spinach on the Ceiling: A Theoretical Chemist’s Return to Biology, Annu.
Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 35: 1-47. Johnson, P. (2012) Warshel Feted by
Royal Society of Chemistry, http://128.125.126.117/news/stories/1298/
warshel-fted-by-royal-society-of-chemistry/
| Arieh Warshel | Born: 20 November 1940, Kibbutz Sde-Nahum, Israel
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA Prize motivation: "for the development of multiscale models
for complex chemical systems"
Links to other sites - Arieh Warshel,
University of Southern California
Articles Levitt, M.
(2001) The birth of computational structural biology, Nature structural biology
8:392-393. Karplus, M. (2006) Spinach on the Ceiling: A Theoretical
Chemist’s Return to Biology, Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 35: 1-47.
Johnson, P. (2012) Warshel Feted by Royal Society of Chemistry,
http://128.125.126.117/news/stories/1298/
warshel-fted-by-royal-society-of-chemistry/
사진 및 내용 출처: "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013 - Press Release".
Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2013. Web. 9 Oct 2013. |
|